Characteristics of implicit memory and related factors in patients with schizophrenia with negative and positive symptoms / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of implicit memory and its related factors in schizophrenic patients with negative and positive symptoms.Methods:Ninety-three schizophrenic patients (including 52 cases of negative symptoms group and 41 cases of positive symptoms group) and 30 normal controls (normal group) were tested with the method of Chinese character word completion method. The reaction time and correct rate were recorded and compared with analysis of variance and t-test, and the correlation with demographic factors was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Accuracy of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group: there were statistically significant differences in the accuracy of patients with different course of disease (≤5 years: (38±5)%, 5-15 years: (34±8)%, ≥15 years: (34±7)%, P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the accuracy of patients with different education levels(primary school: (35±6)%, junior and senior high school: (34±7)%, secondary college education and above: (39±5)%, P<0.05).The accuracy of patients with education years < 10 years ((34±7)%) was significantly lower than those with education years ≥10 years ((37±6)%, P<0.05).Reaction time results of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group : there were significant differences in reaction time of patients with different disease course(≤5 years: (3 248±971)ms, 5-15 years: (3 515±672)ms, ≥15 years: (3 925±842)ms, P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the reaction time of workers ((3 495±712)ms), farmers ((3 870±878)ms) and soldiers ((3 024±924)ms, P<0.05).The reaction time of patients with clozapine ((3 869±871)ms) was significantly higher than that of patients with olanzapine ((3 393±626)ms, P<0.05).Intergroup results of accuracy: the accuracy of normal control group ((40±5)%) was significantly higher than that of negative symptom group ((33±7)%, P<0.01).The accuracy of negative symptom group was significantly lower than that of positive symptom group ((37±6)%, P<0.01).Intergroup reaction time results: the reaction time of normal control group ((2 660±667)ms) was significantly lower than that of negative symptom group ((3 678±951)ms, P<0.01) and positive symptom group ((3 072±865)ms, P<0.05).The reaction time of negative symptom group ((3 678±951)ms)was significantly higher than that of positive symptom group( P<0.01).There was significant negative correlation between the accuracy of implicit memory and the course of disease in schizophrenia ( r=-0.22, P<0.05). Conclusion:The implicit memory of schizophrenic patients is related to the course of disease, taking drugs, and occupation.There may have differences in implicit memory between patients with negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

The characteristics of peroperative blood pressure and heart rate in patients with normotensive incidental pheochromocytomas / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of peroperative blood pressure and heart rate in patients with normotensive incidental pheochromocytomas in order to provide the basis for peroperative treatment. Methods This retrospective study collected the data of 104 patients with a pathological diagnosis of unilateral pheochromocytoma at PLA General Hospital during January 2011 to December 2016. They were divided into normotensive incidental pheochromocytomas(NIP) group (n＝50) if the patients were normotensive and HIP group ( n＝54) if the patients were with hypertension. The clinical features, imaging features and peroperative hemodynamics were analyzed. Results ( 1) The age, urinary norepinephrine, daily dosage and duration of phenoxybenzamine in NIP group were less than those of HIP group (all P<0.05). (2) Preinduction blood pressure, maximum blood pressure, and total fluid intake in NIP group were lower than those in HIP group(all P<0.05). The blood pressure range, heart rate range, increased blood pressure, minimum mean arterial pressure, vasoactive medication were without statistical significance between these two groups. ( 3) The times and rate of intraoperative systolic blood pressure more than 30% baseline, 200 mmHg (1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa), 180 mmHg, 160 mmHg, intraoperative tachycardia, bradycardia, intraoperative hypotension and postoperative hypotension were without statistical significance between these two groups. (4) Stratified analysis of age (50 years), phenoxybenzamine (40 mg/d), tumor diameter (50 mm) and preinduction blood pressure (130/80 mmHg) showed that intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate were without statistical significance between these two groups. ( 5) There was no correlation between phenoxybenzamine ( daily dosage or duration ) and peroperative hypotension. Applying phenoxybenzamine or vasoactive medication was not correlated with peroperative hypotension in NIP group. Conclusion The peroperative blood pressure and heart rate of patients with NIP are similar to those of patients with HIP. Adequate peroperative treatment should be applied to NIP to avoid hemodynamic instability.

Pedigree analysis of a pituitary-resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome family caused by heterozygous A317T mutation in thyroid hormone receptor β gene / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

To study thyroid hormone receptor β(THRβ)gene mutation in a pituitary-resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome family. The peripheral blood samples of the patient, his sister, parents, and 4 maternal relatives were collected. Then serum was isolated for detecting thyroid hormone levels with chemiluminescence immunoassay, and DNA was extracted for PCR, and 10 exons of THRβ gene were sequenced. The patient and his mother had the hyperthyroid symptom for many years and his mother with atrial fibrillation. The G→A heterozygous transition mutation was confirmed by exon sequencing at nucleotide 949 within exon 9 of THRβ gene in the patient and his mother, which was a missense mutation causing a substitution of Alanine to Threonine(A317T). No mutation was found in THRβ gene in other family members. This is the first Chinese family reported with pituitary thyroid hormone resistance syndrome caused by a A317T mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor β gene.

Observation of the effect of alprostadil combined with valsartan in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis proteinuria / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of alprostadil combined with valsartan in treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis proteinuria.Methods 78 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis proteinuria were randomly divided into two groups,and each group had 39 cases.The control group was given conventional treatment,while the observation group was given alprostadil combined with valsartan on the basis of the control group.The clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.31％,which was significantly higher than 74.36％ of the control group (x2 =9.825,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the 24h Upro,BUN and SCr of the observation group were (1.00 ± 0.39) g/24h,(7.11 ± 0.15) mmol/L and (80.86 ± 0.65) μmol/L,which were significantly lower than those of the control group [(1.30 ± 0.48) g/24h、(9.18 ± 2.21) mmol/L and (98.71 ± 4.34) μmol/L],the differences were statistically significant (t =9.32,7.83,7.12,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Alprostadil combined with valsartan in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis proteinuria has significant effect,and it can significantly alleviate clinical symptoms,improve renal function,which should be widely applied in clinical.

Targeted injection of ozone through the posterior approach via the spinal canal and dural sac for treating lumbar disc herniation / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of targeted percutaneous injection of medical ozone through the posterior approach via the spinal canal and dural sac under CT guidance for treatment of lumbar disc herniation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 262 patients with lumbar disc herniation, medical ozone was injected percutaneously under CT guidance into the lumbar intervertebral disc by the posterior approach at paramedian 1-2 cm from the spinous process, targeting the affected lumbar discs, protruded nucleus pulposus and ipsilateral lateral recess. The concentration of ozone was 40-50 µg/ml in the disc/protruded nucleus pulposus and 30 µg/ml in the lateral recess (around the nerve root).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The treatment procedures were successfully completed in all the 262 patients. The average scores of JOA and VAS before treatment were 8.30∓1.4 and 8.73∓0.8, and changed significantly to 24.16∓3.2 (P=0.0158) and 2.41∓0.2 (P=0.0242) after treatment, respectively. According to the modified MacNab criteria, the therapeutic effect was excellent in 165 cases, fair in 64 cases, acceptable in 20 cases, and poor in 13 cases, with a total success rate of 87.4%. No patient showed serious complications after the treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with routine ozone therapy by the posterior-lateral approach, targeted percutaneous ozone injection into the intervertebral disc by the modified posterior approach is safe and yields better therapeutic effect for lumbar disc herniation.</p>

Leukemia-related protein-16 (LRP16) inhibits cell glucose uptake via down-regulating PPARγ protein expression / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of leukemia-related protein-16 (LRP16) gene on cell glucose uptake and its molecular mechanism.Methods LRP16 over-expression cell lines were made via translating LRP16 gene expression vector pcDNA3.1-16 and control plasmid pcDNA3.1 into 3T3-L1,C2C12,and HepG2 cell.The effect of LRP16 gene on cell glucose uptake was detected using 2-deoxy-[~3 H]-D-glucose.Western blot was used to detect the effect of LRP16 gene on the expression levels of PPARγ,GLUT-4,and GLUT 2 protein.Results Cell lines with over-expression of LRP16 gene were successfully established,the expression level of LRP16 was two fold higher than control cells.The insulin-stimulated glucose uptakes in control 3T3-L1,C2C12,and HepG2 cells were higher than cells with over-expression of LRP16 gene(P＜0.01).The expression levels of PPARγ and GLUT-4 or GLUT-2 protein in control cells were higher than cells with over-expression of LRP16 gene (P＜0.05).Conclusion LRP16 inhibits cell glucose uptake via decreasing the expression of PPARγ protein.

Clinical and epigenetic study of a case with adrenal hypoplasia congenita caused by a novel DAX-1 gene mutation / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Hormones and epigenetic characteristics in a patient with clinically diagnosed adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) were analyzed. Results indicated that plasma ACTH increased, while cortisol, testosterone, LH and FSH decreased. LH, FSH and testosterone did not sufficiently respond to GnRH or hCG stimulation. Gene analysis indicated that C368F mutation was located in exon 1 of DAX-1 gene.

Rhein improves fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity of diabetic rats and increases expression levels of PPARγ, GLUT-2 in hepatic tissue / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of rhein on insulin sensitivity of diabetic rats induced by high fat feeding and low dose streptozotocin (STZ), and the possible mechanisms. Methods (1) Fifty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC,n=15) and diabetes group (DM, n=40). The NC rats were fed with regular chow and DM rats were fed with high fat diet. Five weeks later, the DM rats were injected with STZ 30 mg/kg once. The 30 diabetic rats were randomly divided into two subgroups, diabetic control group (DM-C) and diabetic group treated with rhein (DM-T). DM-T rats received intragastric administration of rhein and DM-C rats were given equal doses of solvent. All rats were sacrificed eleven weeks later, the blood sample was collected. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1C, triglycerides (TG), tolal cholesterol (TC), glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and Fasting insulin (FINS) concentrations were examined.The insulin sensitive index (ISI) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) werecalculated. (2) The PPART and GLUT-2 expression in hepatic tissue were detected by immunohistoehemistry and Western-blot. Results At the end of experiment the FBG [(22.57±3.23 vs 7.11±1.44) mmol/L,P<0.01],HbA1C[(12.49±1.96 vs 8.36±0.84)%, P<0.01], TG [(0.89±0.29 vs 0.58±0.17)nunoL/L,P<0.01],GSP [(57.29±4.14 vs 13.43±2.70)μmoL/L, P<0.01] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α,(1.365±0.133 vs 1.233±0.159) μg/L, P<0.05] and the liver weight index (0.032±0.004 vs 0.024±0.002, P<0.01) in DM-C rats were higher than those in NC rats. Besides, the ISI of DM-C rats decreased [In(ISI),-5.46±0.61 vs -4.81±0.75, P<0.05] and HOMA-IR elevated [In(HOMA-IR),2.34±0.64 vs 1.70±0.78,P<0.05]. The expression of PPARγ [11 131.7(5 723.1-18 979.4) vs 48 782.1(21 576.7-108 829.5), P<0.01] and GLUT-2 (0.98±0.35 vs 1.29±0.27, P<0.05) of DM-C rats decreased markedly compared with NC rats. Compared with DM-C rats, FBG [(15.94±3.16) mmol/L], HbA1C[(10.51±1.74)%], GSP[(47-31±6.09) μmol/L] in DM-T and the In (HOMA-IR), (1.86±0.30) rats decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and In (ISI), of DM-T rats increased (-4.97±0.29, P<0.05). The expressions of PPARγ [35 156.3(24 554.3-86 660.9)] and GLUT-2 (1.55±0.55) of DM-T rats were up-regulated markedly compared with DM-C rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Rhein decreased FBG, HbA1C and GSP, and improved the insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats, which might be related to the up-regulated expressions of PPARγ and GLUT-2 in hepatic tissue.

Effects of antioxidants on homocysteine thiolactone-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Background and objectives Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Homocysteine thiolactone (HcyT), one of the homocysteine metabolites in vivo, is toxic both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HcyT on apoptotic damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the role of antioxidants in the reduction of HcyT-induced apoptosis. Methods HUVECs were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 20% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum cell cultures were maintained in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 ℃. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay,which consists of hypodiploid cells with propidium iodide labeling and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as the probe by flow cytometry. Results HcyT (250-2000μM) induced HUVECs apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species levels rose in response to increasing HcyT concentrations at 24-h incubation.The reduction of cell apoptosis by N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, occurred simultaneously with a significant decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Conclusion HcyT exerts its cytotoxic effects on endothelial cells through an apoptotic mechanism involving cellular reactive oxygen species production. The capacity of N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate to scavenge HcyT-induced cellular reactive oxygen species correlates well with their efficiency to protect against HcyT-promoted apoptotic damage. The protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on cell apoptosis indicates HcyT-generated hydrogen peroxide may provoke cell apoptosis via activating nuclear factor-kappa binding protein.

Protective mechanism of metformin in process of human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury induced by palmitic acid in vitro / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the protective mechanism of metformin in the process of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by palmitic acid (PA). Methods HUVECs were cultured in the media of blank,PA,metformin,or PA combined metformin for 24 h,48 h,72 h respectively. Expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined by RT-PCR and the expressions of ICAM-1,nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-?B p65) and phospho-I?B? was evaluated by Western blotting. Results Significant increase of the expressions of MCP-1 and ICAM-1 was found in PA group compared with in the control group (P

Improving the affinity of an anti-TNF? scFv by error prone PCR and staggered extention process(StEP) / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To improve the affinity of an anti TNF? scFv.Methods:Starting from an anti TNF? scFv gene a mutant phage antibody library was generated by error prone PCR.Affinity improved clones were selected and subjected to staggered extension process to shuffle the mutated sites.Mutants with further improved affinity were selected by bio panning.Affinity was judged by dot blot ELISA and thiocyanate elusion ELISA.Results:Seven affinity improved mutants were obtained from library constructed by error prone PCR.By StEP mediated shuffling of these 7 clones and via bio panning,mutants with further improved affinity were obtained.Conclusion:Combination of error prone PCR and StEP could be used to improve the affinity of antibodies. [

The condition for error-prone PCR induced mutation / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of random mutagenesis via mutator E.coli strain and error prone PCR. Methods: A ScFv containing phagemid was transformed into mutator strain XL1 Red and subjected to 7 overnight growth phases with 1/100 dilution of each phase. DNA was extracted and sequenced. The ScFv gene was also subjected to PCR mutagenesis. Mutation effects of Mg 2+ concentration, alteration of individual dNTP amounts and addition of dITP were investigated. Results: The mutation rate of 7 growth phases (about 50 cell cycles) in XL1 Red was less than 0.1%. In error prone PCR, higher concentration of Mg 2+ increased the mutation rate. Increased content of dTTP and dCTP had better effect than that of dATP and dGTP. Addition of dITP plus low concentration dATP or dGTP caused lower mutation rate. More than 2% mutation could be reached by 2 rounds PCR containing 5 mmol/L MgCl 2, 0.5 mmol/L MnCl 2, 1 mmol/L dTTP and 1 mmol/L dCTP. But the mutation showed obvious base bias with most substitutions at A/T positions and a prevalence of transition over transversion. Conclusion: Random mutagenesis in mutator strain has too low mutation rate for antibody affinity maturation. A more than 2% mutation rate can be obtained by error prone PCR, which is suitable for constructing mutated antibody libraries, but the base bias of error prone PCR should be considered.